Description: This photograph of a hand-drawn military map shows the encampment and disposition of forces during St. Clair's Defeat on November 4, 1791, near the future Fort Recovery, Ohio. St. Clair's Defeat is also known as the Battle of the Wabash and the Battle of Kekionga. The sketch shows the battle lines and location of battalions, artillery, the American Indian forces, and line of retreat. A handwritten caption reads: "The light I am in will not give me time fully to explain this plan of the action of the [indecipherable]." In November 1791, Arthur St. Clair, the governor of the Northwest Territory, led a U.S. military force against the Miami tribe in the area of the Wabash River in western Ohio, near several Miami villages. On the morning of November 4, under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors moved against the attacking forces. The American Indians engaged in the battle came primarily from nine different tribes, including the Wyandots, Seneca, Cherokee, Ojibwe, Ottawa, Potawatomi, Shawnee, Delaware, and Miami. Many of the militiamen under St. Clair immediately fled as the American Indians surrounded their’ camp. After three hours of fighting, the remaining U.S. soldiers fought their way out and began a lengthy retreat. The survivors reached Fort Jefferson late that afternoon and evening. Facing limited quantities of food and supplies at Fort Jefferson, St. Clair ordered his forces to Fort Washington. Of the 1,400 men who served under St. Clair, 623 soldiers were killed and another 258 wounded. One of the survivors stated, "The ground was literally covered with the dead." The American Indians had soundly defeated St. Clair's army; this loss, one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, would come to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06996
Subjects: Military maps; Military encampments; Kekionga, Battle of, Ohio, 1791; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Little Turtle, 1747?-1812; Miami Indians; Fort Recovery (Ohio);
Places: Fort Recovery (Ohio); Mercer County (Ohio)
 

Description: General Rufus Putnam created this map of Ohio in 1804, one year after Ohio became a state. He made the map, one of the first maps of the state, while serving as general surveyor of the United States. It measures 14.5 by 18.75 inches (36.83 by 47.62 cm) and shows the boundary between Ohio and American Indian lands, marking several forts in the Northwest Territory, including Fort Defiance, Fort Wayne, and Fort Recovery. Rufus Putnam (1738-1824), a Massachusetts native, rose to prominence as a Revolutionary War officer and founder of the Ohio Company. As superintendent of the company, Putnam oversaw the construction of the stockade Campus Martius and laid out a plan for the town of Marietta. He served as a member of the Ohio Territorial Legislature in 1801, a representative from Washington County at the first Ohio constitutional convention, and a trustee of Ohio University. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1364_1160640_001
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Military Ohio; Forts & fortifications; Maps; Putnam, Rufus, 1738-1824
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio); Ohio
 

Description: This map shows the attack on Fort Stephenson during the War of 1812. Located in present day Fremont, Ohio, the fort, under George Croghan, withstood the attack by British forces, who fought under Henry Proctor and Native American chief Tecumseh. The battle was the last western battle fought in U.S. territory during the war. The map details troop advancement and the geography surrounding the fort. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03966
Subjects: United States--History--War of 1812; Ohio History--Military Ohio; Pictorial maps
Places: Fremont (Ohio); Sandusky County (Ohio)
 

Description: This map of Ohio has county names and borders marked, and depicts the path of Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan's raid through Ohio from July 8-13, 1863, during the Civil War. A solid black line denotes the main force, with a dashed line indicating detached units. The caption on the lower right corner reads "MORGAN RAID". The map originally appeared in "Pathway of Progress, A Short History of Ohio" by David W. Bowman, 1943. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04263
Subjects: Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Military Ohio; Morgan's Ohio Raid, 1863; Maps--Ohio
Places: Ohio
 

Description: This map bears the title "A Map of the Country on the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers Shewing the Situation of the Indian Towns with Respect to the Army under the Command of Colonel Bouquet." A second map on the same sheet is titled "A Survey of that part of the Indian Country through which Colonel Bouquet Marched in 1764 by Thomas Hutchins." The map, which measures 12.20 by 14.6 inches (31 x 37 cm), represents one of the oldest drawings of the Ohio country. It appeared in the book "An Historical Account of the Expedition Against the Ohio Indians, in the Year MDCCLXIV" published by William Smith in 1766. Colonel Henry Bouquet, an officer in the British military, led one of two expeditions from Fort Pitt to the Ohio country in 1764. Bouquet's mission was to obtain peace declarations from the American Indians and retrieve captives that had been taken during the French and Indian War and Pontiac's Rebellion. Thomas Hutchins recorded the sites of encampments Bouquet's men made during the 1764 expedition. Hutchins rendered the top portion of this map based on an earlier map he drew after he toured the Ohio country in 1762. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om2896_1980868_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Geography and Natural Resources; Maps; Rivers
Places: Northwest Territory
 

Description: Map of the siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi by the U.S. forces under the command of Major General Ulysses S. Grant. Surveyed and constructed under direction of Captain C. B. Comstock, U.S. Engineers. Drawn by Charles Spangenberg, Assistant Engineer, Head Quarters of the Department of the Tennessee. Note: Relief shown by hachures. Union and Confederate entrenchments are handcolored blue and red respectively. Detailed map showing roads, streets, railroads, hachures, vegetation, houses, and drainage. Contains five topographic profiles, six cross sections of artillery batteries, and one cross section of a "rebel rifle pit." Scale [ca. 16,800]. (not "four inches to one mile"). The Siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. In a series of maneuvers, Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton into the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. When two major assaults (May 19 and May 22, 1863) against the Confederate fortifications were repulsed with heavy casualties, Grant decided to besiege the city beginning on May 25. With no reinforcement, supplies nearly gone, and after holding out for more than forty days, the garrison finally surrendered on July 4. This action (combined with the capitulation of Port Hudson on July 9) yielded command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict. The Confederate surrender following the siege at Vicksburg is sometimes considered, when combined with Gen. Robert E. Lee's defeat at Gettysburg the previous day, the turning point of the war. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Map_Siege_Vicksburg_Miss
Subjects: Vicksburg (Miss.)--History--Siege, 1863--Maps. United States--Mississippi--Vicksburg; Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885--Military leadership
Places: Vicksburg (Mississippi); Warren County (Mississippi)